Articles > Compaction of the soil: a traditional and proven agricultural practice. Figures and facts
10.03.2019
TILLING THE SOIL:
traditional and
proven agricultural practice.
Figures and facts
The main effective method of accelerating the emergence of seedlings of row crops is rolling the seeds with field rollers, sown and wrapped in wet layers of soil.
Today there are already varieties that are capable of providing germination up to 90% and higher. But only the quality of the seed cannot fully guarantee a high yield. Only the combined action of the main factors influencing the yield - the quality of seeds and the correct implementation of the technological process to create optimal conditions for its growth - can give the expected result.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Processing (packing) with field rollers:
improves seed distribution in depth,
reduces moisture evaporation
helps to pull up moisture from the lower soil layers
The study of soil conditions of growth and germination of seeds of row crops in laboratory and field conditions showed that they should be different in accordance with the phases of emergence.
It has been experimentally proved that the swelling and germination of seeds begins at a soil moisture content of 12-14%, and only in the presence of more than 20% moisture all viable seeds germinate. Therefore, in order to obtain high field germination, it should be placed in the seed layer of soil with a moisture content of at least 20%.
The quality of soil compaction is due to its physical and mechanical properties and depends on:
specific pressure
travel speed
design parameters of the packer rollers
Moreover, the soil layer in the sprout zone above the seeds should be optimally developed, with a soil particle size of 1-5 mm. Although large soil particles in the seed layer do not reduce the level of germination, they delay the emergence of seedlings.
WHY DO YOU NEED SOIL ROLLING?
The most important aspect of obtaining successful seedlings is the effect of the aggregate composition of the soil. So, large particles, 10-20 mm and more, significantly reduce the number of seedlings, each percentage of the coarse fraction reduces germination by 1-2%. In addition, the coarse soil surface increases moisture loss, which negatively affects the simultaneous emergence of plants.
Moreover, the better it is performed, the more efficiently the capillary moisture will be pulled up to the surface, and, accordingly, the faster the seedlings will appear. But packing the sowing section with a roller should be done in such a way as to provide the most acceptable conditions for accelerating the emergence of seedlings. This is possible if compaction from the action of the press roller occurs on both sides of the seed, and there is a loose soil layer between the compaction zones, which has the ability to create favorable space for free growth of plants.
RING-SPUR AND RING-TOOTH ROLLERS
Ring-spur and ring-toothed rollers KP-6 , KP-9 (produced by "Apostolovagromash" ) better compact the soil and crush lumps than ordinary ringed ones, simultaneously loosening the surface layer of the soil.
The quality of consolidation depends on the size and weight of the rollers. Often, the action of the roller is quite insignificant due to its low weight. Rollers that are too heavy compress the soil excessively. The mass of the roller should be 3-4 kg per 1 cm of grip, or 0.3 - 0.4 kg per 1 cm2 (more - on light soils with less moisture reserves and less - on heavy and more humid soils).
The quality of soil consolidation also depends on the diameter of the roller. A roller with a small diameter acts mainly on the surface layers, while a roller with a large diameter evenly compacts the deep layers of soil. With an increase in the roller diameter, the traction resistance of the implement decreases. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameter of the rollers is at least 50 cm (the movement of such rollers is more uniform). The ground pressure of the roller increases as the implement moves slowly.
Three-section water-filled rollers, whose ground pressure is different - from 2.3 to 6 kg per 1 cm of working width, the amount of filled water affects the parameters.
The most preferable for packing the soil are considered
field rollers with the following parameters:
coverage: 6-9 meters
roller disc diameter: 460-500 mm
aggregated with tractors: MTZ-80 / MTZ-82 / MTZ-1021
working speed: 8-12 ha / h
weight: 2400-3700 kg
So, long-term studies show: the deeper the seeding depth, the lower its field germination capacity and the later and uneven seedlings. In the sowing layer of soil, a sufficient amount of moisture occurs only in early spring or after rains. In addition, it persists for a very short time, especially with a rapid rise in temperature and under the influence of dry winds. In such conditions, rolling the soil and sown seeds with field rollers is very effective.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Articles > Compaction of the soil: a traditional and proven agricultural practice. Figures and facts