Articles > Plow efficiently without wasting fuel. Restoration of plowshares. Plow body repair. Skimmer repair
Correct setting and use of agricultural machinery (both mounted and self-propelled, as well as tillage and preparation of the soil) can save thousands of hryvnias for the farm. Or, on the contrary, they can lead to unplanned losses, or even to the breakdown of an expensive car. Soil cultivated to depth without a compacted layer acts like a sponge. She is able to take in large amounts of water.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Plowing (plowing), the main method of mechanical soil cultivation, is the most energy-intensive technological operation that requires a significant consumption of energy resources. The traction resistance of the plow depends on the condition of the share blade. But, as a result of wear, for example, the plow share becomes dull, changes its original shape: the toe is rounded, a chamfer is formed on the back of the blade.
08/15/2019
Restoration of plowshares
Plow body repair
Skimmer repair
Plow efficiently without wasting fuel
23.05. 2019
Restoration of plow shares
Dullness of the plowshare leads to the fact that the plow during operation does not withstand the given depth, sticks out of the furrow, and the traction resistance increases sharply.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
When the plowshare blade is dull to 3 ... 4 mm, the traction resistance of the plow on plowing increases by 25%, the fuel consumption of the tractor increases by 6 ... 8%, and the performance of the unit decreases. When the plowshares are blunt to a blade thickness of more than 2 mm, the plowshares are sharpened from the working side at an angle of 25 ... 40 ° on a roughing and sharpening machine. When sharpening, the ploughshare is moved from toe to heel and back.
Retraction of the blade with subsequent sharpening and hardening. Plowshares need to be repaired or replaced if the width of the share with a straight blade has decreased by 10 mm or if the length of the toe of the chisel has decreased by 25 mm.
Worn out plowshares are restored to their nominal size by pulling back the stock of metal available on the rear side of the plowshare, followed by quenching and tempering.
The ploughshare is pulled in a forge on a pneumatic hammer or hand forged on an anvil. After heating in a furnace or in a blacksmith's highlander to a temperature of 900 ... 1200 ° C (light red, or light yellow color of heat), the ploughshare is transferred with pliers to the forging site and by hammer strikes or frequent blows of a sledgehammer on the back of sock, accelerate the stock of metal along the entire length and width of the share. To obtain uniform heating of the plowshare blade, nozzles with a slot or holes through which air is supplied are installed on the furnace nozzle to create a sufficiently wide heating zone.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
When the cherry-red color of heat disappears (below 800 ° C), the drawing of the plowshare is stopped, since cracks may appear during forging of cold metal. Forging is resumed after the share is heated again. The coulter must be pulled back quickly, as repeated heating will degrade the quality of the metal.
With a quickdraw, the blacksmith gives the repaired share the shape of a new one, checking it in the process of forging according to a template. The plowshare blade restored by a guy is sharpened on an emery sharpener from the working side. The blade thickness is no more than 1 mm, and the chamfer width is 5 ... 7 mm.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
After sharpening, the repaired share is heated by about two-thirds of its width to 780 ... 820 ° C (cherry red heat) and quickly cooled in a bath with salted water heated to 30 ... 40 ° C, which contributes to better hardening of the share surface , since salt water has a high thermal conductivity.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
When hardening plowshares with a chisel-shaped blade, in order to avoid cracks, at the heated ploughshare, the place of transition from the toe to the straight part of the blade is pre-cooled by applying wet wiping ends to it for 2 ... 3 s.
As soon as the blade turns black after quenching in water (quenching duration 4 ... 6 s), the ploughshare is transferred to the anvil with pliers, checked and in case of buckling of the back, it is ruled with a hammer, striking above the quenching zone. To reduce the fragility of the hardened ploughshare, it is tempered: the ploughshare is reheated to 350 ° C (gray discoloration) and then cooled in air.
When selling agricultural machinery, the manufacturer is responsible for the quality of all elements of the unit. And with long-term operation of agricultural machinery, one must take into account the costs of its maintenance and repair.
The hardness of the working area of the share after hardening in repair shops is checked with a file: the file should slide over the hardened area of the share without removing the chips.
Agricultural engineering plants also manufacture self-sharpening plowshares with a hardfaced layer of hard alloy along the plowshare blade. The advantage of such plowshares is that, despite wear, the blade remains sharpened all the time. These plowshares are self-sharpening on all soils, except for sandy and stony, do not require periodic retraction, their service life is several times longer than that of conventional plowshares.
Sormite-1 alloy is widely used. This alloy is used for surfacing blades during the repair and manufacture of plowshares of tractor plows, cultivator paws, forage harvester knives, forage harvester knives, etc. 3% nickel and 64.4% iron.
Surfacing of blades with sormite 1 ... 2 mm thick increases the wear resistance of parts several times and ensures their self-sharpening. If we take the wear resistance of steel L53 (from which the plowshares are made) equal to 1, then the wear resistance of sormite-1 is 6 times greater.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
This alloy is used in workshops to repair plowshares worn up to 10 mm in width. For repair, a worn-out share is heated to a temperature of 1200 ° C (light yellow color) and a pull is made on a pneumatic hammer with a special striker or manually to a thickness of 2 ... 2.5 mm at the toe and to a thickness of 1 ... 1.5 mm on the straight edge of the blade. The ploughshare is straightened and checked against the template. The pulled ploughshare is placed on the welding table with the back side up, the blade is heated with a gas burner at a length of 80 ... 90 mm to a temperature of 800 ... 1000 ° C (from cherry red to orange) and sprinkled with brown. The ploughshare is heated for the second time, while simultaneously heating the end of the sormite bar to melting, moving the burner and the bar in the transverse direction towards each other from right to left, starting from the toe, the entire blade of the ploughshare is fused with hard alloy. The recommended bar diameter is 5 ... 10 mm, and the alloy consumption for surfacing a chisel-shaped share is about 200 g. After surfacing, the blade is sharpened from the front side until a chamfer of 4 ... 7 mm is obtained on a straight section and 7 ... 14 mm on toe of a plowshare.
During autumn tillage , with plows designed for plowing especially hard soils, as well as soils clogged with stones, a retractable chisel is attached to the body post, which protrudes 20 ... 30 mm beyond the toe of the share. When the plow is in operation, the chisel provides good depth of the bodies, takes up a significant part of the load when cutting the soil layer, and protects the share tip from breaking when it encounters a stone. Retractable bits are made of high-quality rectangular rolled steel (40X, etc.). As it wears out in operation, the bit blade loses its shape. In order to restore the working capacity of the bit, it is turned by 180 ° and, having installed in place, is pushed forward by the nose of the share. The bit blade can be forged and then sharpened and hardened.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
When installing, the chisel should fit snugly to the share tip, the gap between the share and the chisel in the upper part should be no more than 3 mm.
Manufacturers of high-quality agricultural machinery in Ukraine advise to be guided by the following rules:
the heavier the soil and the higher the clay content in it, the earlier in the fall it is necessary to plow;
to plow, in general, only when the soil reaches physical ripeness;
plow sticky soils prone to flooding later, if possible without leveling them after plowing, carry out smooth plowing with reversible plows.
On large tracts, conventional plowing plows can be used, but care must be taken not to create large fall ridges or deep break furrows. For mechanical control of thistles, skimmers must be used.
After blocky plowing, the split furrows and stowage ridges must be carefully leveled. The plowing depth depends on the specific soil conditions. Do not mix the subsoil with the arable layer, which is poor in humus and nutrients, with too deep plowing.
On soils with a normal water and air regime in the fall, it is advisable to carry out the processing of the field after blocky plowing.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Chopping roller (chopper of crop residues)
LLC "Apostolovagromash"
KP-6-520 Sh / KP-6-460 / 500 / KP-9-520 Sh / KP-9-460 / 500 :
delays moisture evaporation
regulates the temperature of the surface layer
inhibits the growth of weeds
protects against weathering
enriches the soil with organic matter
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
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Growing large yields requires the use of agricultural machinery from trusted manufacturers. Autumn processing provides earlier spring maturation of the soil, activation of biological processes, as well as rapid germination of weeds. In the spring, only a shallow pre-sowing treatment of the soil is required, which retains moisture and prevents weed seeds from entering the upper layers of the soil.
Plow body repair
Assembled must be checked on a control plate. The maximum clearance between the share and the blade should be no more than 2 mm, and the difference in the length of the share above the blade from the furrow side should be no more than 10 mm.
The gaps between the share and the tine, as well as between the blade and the tine, should not exceed 3 mm.
The field board should fit snugly against the post. The heads of the bolts securing the share, blade, field board with a stand and field board with a heel must be flush with the surface and not sink more than 1 mm.
The field cut of the blade and the share must lie in the same vertical plane with a permissible deviation towards the furrow of no more than 10 mm.
The clearance between the heel of the share or the rear end of the field board and the plane of the control plate should not be more than 10 mm, the position of the toe above the heel or the field board is not allowed.
The deviation of the share tip from the end of the field board, lying in the same vertical plane, towards the field can be no more than 5 mm. The limiting projection of the toe of the chisel-shaped share in the field is 5 - 10 mm.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Skimmer repair
For bodies with a grip of 350 MM, the maximum length of the skim coulter blade is 340 mm, for bodies - 300 mm, the length of the skim coulter is 300 mm. The holes in the rack should allow the skimmer to be positioned 100, 120, 150 and 170 mm from the reference plane of the main body.
The protrusion of the ploughshare behind the blade towards the field is permissible up to 3 mm, and the protrusion of the blade over the ploughshare towards the field is not more than 7 mm.
The toe of the coulter share should be located on the edge of the main share with a deviation towards the field of no more than 15 mm. The share should be parallel to the reference plane with a heel deviation above the toe of no more than 10 mm.
The disc coulter must rotate freely on the hub, and its stem must be firmly attached to the frame. In this case, the axis of the circular knife should be located on the same vertical line with the toe of the skimmer, and the lower edge of the knife should be 25 - 30 mm below the toe of the skimmer.
Axial movement of the fork during free rotation relative to the rack should not exceed 3 mm.
The cutting edge of the disc must be free of chipped areas and burrs. The permissible blade crush is 1.5 - 2 mm up to 15 mm long and in no more than three places, the radial and axial runout is no more than 3 mm.
Trailer. The parts of the trailer must be straight, without twisting and cracks, and the brace with the slider must move freely in the longitudinal thrust; the holes of the longitudinal rod, brace and cross member must match. The safety pin must match the size.
Checking the complete plow
The assembled plow is checked at a control site, the area of which must correspond to the design parameters of the plow.
In the working position of a correctly assembled plow, the blades of the plowshares, the ends of the field boards should lie in the same plane, that is, touch the surface of the control area, and the field cuts of the dumps and plowshares should be parallel to each other.
The wheels are located vertically to the plane of movement of the plow.
The assembled plow frame should not have deflections and distortions of more than 3 mm, and twisting and cracks of struts, beams and stiffening beams should be completely eliminated. In this case, the strips of the frame should be parallel, with deviations not exceeding ± 5 mm. The folded ends of the beams must match the template removed from the new plow.
The deflection of the stiffening beam before installation on the frame should not exceed 5 mm for a three-furrow plow and 10 mm for a five-furrow plow with the convex part up.
Growing large yields requires the use of agricultural machinery from trusted manufacturers. Autumn processing provides earlier spring maturation of the soil, activation of biological processes, as well as rapid germination of weeds. In the spring, only a shallow pre-sowing treatment of the soil is required, which retains moisture and prevents weed seeds from entering the upper layers of the soil.
The use of rollers for tillage agricultural
LLC "Apostolovoagromash" (toothed-ringed, spur, ringed, chopping) helps:
save moisture in the soil by 30-40 cm.
save moisture 2-3 rains by preventing weathering
to preserve the moisture of "winter precipitation" during the spring rolling of the soil
increase the capillarity of the soil (improve its structure)
"Close" the plowed area for even distribution of moisture
save money, time and payroll
to increase the uniformity of the emergence of winter and spring crops
prepare the surface of the soil for the application of the herbicide film
Pre-sowing cultivation is carried out at the depth of seeding. Unevenness of the depth of cultivation - no more than ± 0.01 m. The cultivator must completely cut the weeds and not carry the lower layers of the soil to the surface. The bottom of the furrow and the surface of the field must be level. The height of the ridges is no more than 0.04 m, the overlap of adjacent passages is 0.1 ... 0.15 m. Flaws and soil unloading during cultivation are not allowed.
Cultivators are used for soil cultivation
LLC "Apostolovoagromash" KPS-6 / KPS-8 / KPS-12 and receive:
loosening the soil between the rows of crops
crust breaking on soil
destruction of weed growth
creating an insulating layer (in dry season)
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Correct autumn cultivation and soil preparation contributes to a successful harvest next year.
That is why, when it comes to buying high-quality, reliable and inexpensive agricultural machinery in Ukraine, in particular, when a decision is made to buy a cultivator , field or
chopping roller (shredder of plant residues) , it is necessary to take into account that it should be easy to set up and after warranty repair.
Articles > Plow efficiently without wasting fuel. Restoration of plowshares. Plow body repair. Skimmer repair