Read the first part of the article here .

It has been established that the bulk of the root systems of most grain crops (up to 70-90% and more) is concentrated in the 0-25 cm layer.

Bacteria also concentrate mainly in the topsoil. In the soil of cultivated chernozem in the 0 - 30 cm layer, 89.8% of the total mass were found at a meter depth. In the layer of 30 - 40 cm there are only 5.1% of them, and with greater depth they become less and less.

Thus, active biological activity in the soil is observed in its upper layers with an increase in the thickness of the cultivated soil layer, such activity extends to a large glybin, especially when the soil is cultivated with a cultivator . The yield of plants is associated with the degree of biological activity of the soil: it increases with an increase in the depth of the cultivated soil layer. So, in the experiments of N.G. Chizhevsky, the following data on the yield of spring wheat were obtained: if the cultivated layer of soil in 0 - 20 cm is taken as 100%, then in the cultivated layer of 0 - 40 cm it is 299%, and in the cultivated layer of 0 -60 cm - 356%. But, are there many fields in Ukraine with such a depth of the cultivated soil layer?

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Thanks to deep processing , favorable agrophysical properties and physical condition of the soil are maintained for a long time, as a result of which the water-air and thermal regimes are improved, beneficial microbiological processes become more active and the nutritional regime improves;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

At great depths, water and nutrients accumulate in the soil , they are better preserved and easily absorbed by plants, a lack or excess of moisture, droughts, and also a lack of nutrients are better tolerated;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

In the deep arable layer , a more powerful root system is formed, plants use the water and nutrients accumulated in it more fully, the physical ripeness of the soil sets in faster, which allows timely and high-quality processing;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Water and air penetrate better into the loose arable layer , the mobilization of nutrients from natural compounds and applied in the form of fertilizers is enhanced;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

On a deep cultivated arable layer, it is possible to apply a more perfect basic tillage (cultural plowing, longline cultivation), which creates the most favorable conditions for the control of weeds, pests and diseases;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

The deep arable layer prevents the development of the capillary mechanism of water movement and prevents soil salinization;

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Water is better absorbed into the deep loose soil layer, thereby reducing its runoff over the surface and preventing water erosion.

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Thus, in combination with favorable above-ground conditions, the deep cultivated arable layer of the soil ensures high and stable yields.

In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

It does not follow from what has been considered that it is necessary to deeply cultivate the soil for each crop every year. Different crops react differently to the depth of the main tillage under them, besides, the positive aftereffect of deep main tillage lasts for a number of years. Therefore, in crop rotations, the so-called mid-depth tillage is carried out, taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, weediness of fields, applied fertilizers, etc. And that is why it is so important to find out its characteristics before buying a cultivator. You should ask your neighbors or the manufacturer's website for reviews of the harrow or field roller. (from "harrow" and "field roller" - links to pages)

The following names of soil cultivation are adopted, depending on its depth : surface - up to 12 cm, shallow - up to 18 cm, normal - up to 22 cm, medium - up to 25 cm, deep - 30 cm deeper. (depths - transition to cultivators)