Articles > Which ice rinks are better? Rolling crops
Which ice rinks are better? Rolling crops
08/17/2020
Rolling is an agricultural technique that allows you to compact the topsoil, crush the structure and level the area. If rolling is carried out after sowing, then the main task is to improve the contact of the seed with the soil for quick germination.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Practice shows that rolling gives a real increase in productivity, which farmers often talk about.
The next task of rolling is a mechanical change in the structure of the soil, that is, crushing lumps. There are times when you need to crush a block, but this is definitely not after the opener. Not without exceptions, but with strong crushing of soil aggregates, after sowing, on unprotected soil, it leads to wind erosion. Every spring, you can see huge pillars of the fertile layer, which rushes at a breakneck speed over long distances. It was planted with sunflower and corn.
The purpose of processing (packing) with field rollers can be:
crust breakdown
soil compaction (creating a dense bed for seeds, a dense layer of soil that prevents moisture evaporation or pressing the seeds to a dense bed to ensure friendly germination)
crushing lumps on arable land
rolling green fertilizers
leveling the soil surface
The role of rolling is important when sowing grain crops, in a compacted layer. Due to the influx of moisture and an increase in temperature, rapid and simultaneous swelling and germination of seeds occurs.
Conditions for consolidation
The most favorable conditions: the seeds lie on a firm bed, and are covered from above with a less dense layer of soil. Under such conditions, moisture from the lower layers is vigorously supplied to the dense bed through the capillaries, and the upper, less dense soil layer favors the penetration of air to the seeds and their rapid germination. At the same time, the phenomena of subsidence of soil layers in the zone of development of the root system are not observed. In dry conditions, post-sowing packing is a mandatory agricultural technique. On rolled crops, there is an accelerated emergence of seedlings, an increase in field germination and, as a result, an increase in yield from 5 to 20% in comparison with untreated crops.
How to roll up the soil?
Therefore, the type of working bodies for rolling and the technological process carried out by them must correspond to the sowing method and ensure the creation of optimal conditions for seed germination and the further development of cultivated plants.
Depending on the soil cultivation technology used and the sowing method, various types of press rollers are used on seeding machines to compact the soil. Let's dwell on their description in more detail.
To compact soil with seeds in rows, wedge-shaped (or ring-shaped) rollers are most often used on seeders, due to their simplicity of design.
Ring-spur and ring-toothed rollers KP-6 , KP-9 (manufactured by OOO Apostolovagromash ) better compact the soil and crush lumps than conventional ringed rollers, simultaneously loosening the surface layer of the soil.
Ring rollers, moving behind the openers, compact the underlying soil layers wider than the width of the rollers, since their working surfaces are located at an angle to the horizon, while simultaneously forming a ribbed wind-resistant surface of the field. Due to this surface, the sprouts of cultivated plants, being at the bottom of the grooves, at the initial stage of development are partially protected from the effects of dry winds, in addition, the grooves accumulate moisture from small rains, which primarily goes to cultivated plants.
With an average moisture content of the soil after the passage of the rollers, dry soil from the surface partially sprinkles the bottom of the furrows, reducing moisture evaporation. In wet conditions, ring rollers, by compacting the soil from the surface, contribute to the re-compaction of the surface layer, which, as it dries, leads to the formation of a crust, especially on heavy soils, which makes it difficult for the germination of cultivated plants. In addition, the ribbed surface of the field is preserved until harvesting, so the operation of the combines is hampered by vibration and shaking, since harvesting is carried out across the direction of sowing.
About the sowing method
The sowing method used in the framework of traditional soil protection and minimum tillage technologies is belt (strip). The width of the sowing belts varies within 10-18 cm, the spacing (the distance between the centers of adjacent belts) is 22.8-30 cm. The belt sowing method is carried out by cultivator-type seeders. The task of the packer rollers with such sowing is to compact the soil layer over the entire width of the seed belt and provide them with an equal seeding depth, leaving the surface layer looser.
A ring-spur roller is widely used to compact the soil with belts of sown seeds. Ring-spur rollers are rollers for subsurface consolidation, since in the process of operation, the spurs of the rollers, penetrating into the soil, compact the underlying layer and loosen the surface layer, reducing moisture loss. In addition, they fairly well level the surface of the field within the limits of their width. Currently, ring-spur rollers fulfill the requirements for the belt sowing method most fully.
In areas with sufficiently good moisture, the most effective sowing method within the framework of traditional soil conservation and minimum tillage technologies is scattered (or subsoil-scattered). With this sowing, the seeds are distributed evenly over the entire area of the field. Broadcast sowing is carried out by cultivator-type seeders with openers with duckfoot shares and seed distributors. The task of the packer rollers with this sowing is to evenly compact the soil layer with the seeds, leaving the surface layer looser, and to level the field surface to ensure the same planting depth for all seeds. Double-row ring-spur rollers cope with this task most fully.
Firstly, being rollers of subsurface compaction, they compact the soil layer with seeds, secondly, they loosen the surface layer with spurs, thirdly, thanks to the two-row installation, they compact and level the entire field area and, fourthly, because of the "checkerboard" spreads self-cleaning better from wet soil.
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”
Field roller and packing quality
First of all, the quality of packing depends on the parameters of the rollers: diameter and weight. The mass of the roller is taken at the rate of 3-4 kg per 1 cm of grip, or 0.3-0.4 kg per 1 cm2 (more - on light soils with less moisture reserves and less - on heavy and more humid soils). The small-diameter roller acts predominantly on the surface layers, while the large-diameter rollers evenly compact the deep soil layers. With an increase in the diameter of the roller, its traction resistance decreases and a more uniform movement on the soil is observed. The diameters of the main types of compacting rollers range from 450 to 550 mm. Also, the speed of the roller has an effect on the quality of consolidation: for example, with a decrease in the speed of the machine, the pressure of the roller on the soil and the degree of compaction increase.
The most preferable for packing the soil are considered
field rollers with the following parameters:
coverage: 6-9 meters
roller disc diameter: 460-500 mm
aggregated with tractors: MTZ-80 / MTZ-82 / MTZ-1021
working speed: 8-12 ha / h
weight: 2400-3700 kg
Rolling the soil after the main processing and cultivation is used to destroy large lumps, level the field surface, create a moisture-saving soil structure (reduces moisture evaporation, especially in dry weather, when convection-diffuse moisture movement prevails).
We hope that we were able to clarify the question - which rollers are better and for what. In general, the choice of the type of roller for post-sowing packing depends on the technology and method of sowing, the type and physical and mechanical properties of the soil.
Good luck to you!
Articles > Which ice rinks are better? Rolling crops